Still away south. Not for long.  Heading for saner pastures tomorrow.  Thank God.  C’n hardly wait.

No question about it, I am no longer hip.  In the urban sense.  No longer ‘happenin’.  Just NOT cool anymore.  Who woulda thunk it!?  In fact, it is worse than that – I have lost ‘pace’, I am now in the slow lane.  Hell, maybe I should be parked! The city was just too fast for me this time.

You think I am kidding (and to some extent I am) but there’s no question that the city is faster paced and I noticed my having to ramp up to get into the rhythm of it years ago.  But this time, I couldn’t catch the beat.  The urban  tempo and me were out of sync.  I was a smidge slow on the uptake. I was even a bit slow in traffic.  I was like an old guy from the hicks driving an old truck.  Jed Clampett without the oil money.

I am embarrassed to admit that most cars passed me when we were on on the east-west connector.  Nobody ever used to pass me!  Even stranger……this time….I didn’t care!!??

“Well, we have done our chores.  Waddya wanna do now, honey?” 

” I wanna go home!” 

How pathetic is that?

However, some observations were made and worth noting.  Richmond architecture is beginning to look like Hong Kong’s.  Ours was the oldest car on the road. Traffic was hell.  It is hard to beat Sun Sui Wah for dim sum.  Or the Flamingo on Cambie.  Both great.  Lee Valley is a merchandiser’s dream.  TV hasn’t changed.  Neither have Richmond’s drivers (the only place on the lower mainland where my sense of pace was greater than the norm).  Distances are relatively short but transit times are unusually long.  The ferry system remains at MarineSec one still – as it has since the system was employed (how stupid is that system!?).  And somehow, costs are rising pretty bloody rapidly for a recession.  But, to be frank, Vancouver did have the buzz of a city thriving.  Didn’t feel like a recession there.

But it doesn’t matter.  Not anymore.  We are disconnected.  Well and truly.  If not completely separated from the city, we are disconnected by at least 90%.  Only friends and family draw us now and I found myself making a strong argument for them coming to us.  Though – judging from the facial expressions – that is unlikely to happen.

To write about living off the grid, one must also write about visiting said grid when it happens.  And it did so I wrote.  What I found amazing was that we were gone a week and nothing was worth writing about.  That says something in itself, doesn’t it?

Due to technical difficulties associated with the host synaptic system in transit through urban centres, service in Dave’s brain has been halted.  We sincerely apologize for this inconvenience and our technicians are working on the problem.  We hope to resume service as soon as we get out of this madness.  Thank you for your interest in Offthegridhomes.org.  Canada’s Leading Waste of Time.

Hardly did a bloody* thing today.  But I still fell down and hurt myself.  How stupid is that!?

No biggie.  Just caught my foot on a baggage strap.  Fell.  Usually when that kind of thing happens, I just jump right back up.   Quick-like.  You know?  (‘didja blink?’)  Sorta like, ‘……….it didn’t really happen?’  But this time I just lay there for a minute.  Horizontal.  Laid-back – literally.  Not so bad.  It was nice, actually.  Kinda relaxing.  I would have stayed down a bit longer but a guy lying on a deck embracing luggage looks weird even if there is no one around to see it.  So, I eventually got back up and carried on.

I find it strange that I manage to find blood in just about everything I do.  Slightly bloody* knee this time.

I was packing stuff down from the deck to Sal at the beach.  She and her small boat were headed off to the post office by way of our parked car and she was going to load up our vehicle for our pending trip south.  It is always a good idea to pack the car the day before in case the weather gets bad.  If the weather is bad on the day of departure, you would prefer to not have to deal with it in a fully loaded small boat with two dogs.  Ergo, the pre-trip-day packing exercise.

And, of course, I used the new ramp.  “How is it?” asked Sal.

“Absolutely wonderful!  A delight.  Easy.  Makes me wonder why I hadn’t done this years ago.”

And therein lies the point of this blog entry: absence makes the heart grow appreciative.  I am currently in love with that old ramp.

I know this weird psycho-phenomenon well.  Sal and I lived on our sailboats for 11 years.  Because boats have limited water storage, we would shower at friend’s houses, the aquatic centre, gym changing rooms and a variety of ‘sneak-showers’ all across the city.  When we moved ashore and could once again enjoy a hot shower for as long as we liked, it was a luxury, a treat, a little ‘special’ gift that, to this day, we still appreciate.

And the same goes for electric lights NOT limited by battery banks, plenty of running water whenever you want, hot water on-demand, a closet full of toilet paper and well, the list goes on and on.  I confess that having a fairly well-stocked food shed is also becoming a comfort of sorts.  Living without those conveniences is no great trial but, when they re-enter your life, you have an increased appreciation for it. And we still get that.

Strangely, I still have no appreciation for band-aids.  You’d think………

Big salmon are jumping.  Really big.  Guessing from the glimpses as they leap, I think 15 pounders.  Maybe some are bigger.  Every year about this time the Chums come and they seem to congregate for a week or so right in front of our house.  It’s wonderful.

We can’t catch them, tho.  Firstly, one cannot fish our area.  It is closed to fin-fish.  The law says.  Secondly, you can’t catch a salmon even in an open area without a special additional license issued (for a cost) just for a salmon.  Ordinary fishing licenses aren’t good enough.  The law says.  And thirdly, neither Sally or I are any good at catching fish.  Fishing, for us, is boring and unproductive.  We just sit there and complain about losing fishing gear.  We don’t like any part of it.  So we don’t do it.

But it makes no difference, our preferences.  The Chums don’t bite.  Whatever is going on in their life cycle, appetite is not part of it at this point in their season.  They leap, they play, they congregate and maybe they even congregate for some kind of reason.  But they don’t get the munchies afterwards.

Then they are gone.

The seals don’t have to obey the laws.  So they try and eat the salmon even in the closed sections.  And they seem to have a knack for it.  The other day, a seal and a large salmon broke the surface of the water fully engaged in a life-battle over who gets dinner.  The seal had the upper hand but the salmon was so large it was flipping the seal about as the struggle ensued. Lots of thrashing at the surface but, eventually the seal succeeded and likely took home a doggy bag (another name for a Chum is Dog salmon).  Pretty amazing.

Salmon, it seems, are in danger.  But what isn’t?  Seems the world is on the precipice of some kind of environmental end game according to everything I read and hear.  And I believe it.  Certainly the climate change people have been proven right.  And that has to have implications all over the place.  I guess we are doomed.  This summer we had something like 60 straight days without rain.  Whatever the number, it set a record.  What a concept, eh?  The rain forest without rain.

Spring was unnaturally cold.  Our wind patterns this summer were different.  The bug count was also up.  The plants didn’t bloom til late and the garden was even later coming in with some plants doing poorly.  The Hummingbirds came late and stayed for a shorter time but there were late stragglers well into the summer – which is odd.  This year saw gobs of whales.  No eagles in our special eagle-tree this year.  Not many anyway.  The jellyfish count is way down.  Oysters didn’t seem to proliferate. but they held their own.  Lots of wolves earlier in the season.  All in all it was a weird season for both the flora and the fauna.  Nothing quite seemed ‘normal’.

But clearly the season is over.  It is Fall.  No question about it.  Cool mornings.  Earlier sunsets.  Sun already lower in the sky.  We are heading for another winter and, to be frank, I am not looking forward to it.  We are well prepared.  We have what we need.  But the lack of light is now becoming a factor as I age.  I really appreciate having longer days.  I guess there is a just a bit of a sense of loss in the air…………

…………don’t worry……………I’ll be fine.

Winching, levering, pushing and pulling, we slowly raised the ramp up the beach to its intended perch.  But the last few inches seemed out of reach.  It was a combination of too many blocks on too short a line bunching up and jamming on a piece of wood that got twisted in the way and denied us the last, say, foot.  At most.  We were hanging by a foot!

And then D drove by in his boat.  Good ol’ D.  He of the mountain-man variety.  The guy who falls trees and then mills them to make his own boat from scratch.  And then lives in it!  In the wilderness!!  The kinda guy who once used a tree to ‘lever’ a stuck pick-up out of a ditch.  Good ol’ D.

“So, looks like you are comin’ along with that ol’ ramp quite nicely, eh?”

“Not so nicely.  Last ten inches or so….(puff, puff)………can’t quite get ér…….(puff, puff) …..don’ wanna talk about it.  Really.  Nice to see ya.  See ya later.”

“Now, now………let’s just let Mr Exasperation settle down……..can’t get much done when your face is all red and all, now can ya?  Thought of a lever?”

“Yup!” (said with a look that could kill while I quietly wondered where my shotgun was).  “Yup.  Thought about a lever.  Yup!  Thinkin’ about something else right about now, tho….!”

“OK.  We’ll just give Mr. Exasperation a few more minutes, shall we……….(tick tock, tick tock)………….so, now how ’bout tryin’ a lever thingy?  Long levers move the world, ya know?  We can just pick it right up.  Easy like?”

I claim maturity.  I claim sanity.  I claim reasonableness.  But those are just claims.  Not facts.  Any maturity shown under trying conditions is really quite the exception, really.  I harrumphed.  I simmered.  I glowered.  And I talked Mr Exasperation back into the dark hole in which he lives.  I relaxed.  I took a deep breath……….“Geez, a lever, you say?  What a great idea.  Just how would you go about afixin’ that lever now?”

A few minutes later D was on the job, the giant lever (made from a beam of steel that I hadn’t considered because it was too heavy to imagine working ‘easy-like’) was expertly put in place and we lifted the ramp onto the perch like a sparrow landing in a tree.  Thanks and congratulations all around and D left to carry on rescuing others.  We cleared up and stopped for tea.

Ramping Up

“Wazza matter?”

“Silly, isn’t it?  I needed help getting that last foot up.  Bugged me.  Just being silly about it, tho.  It was good.  D was great.  Me just being silly.  Glad it is up.  No one was hurt.  D made it simple.  We are good.  It was good.  I am glad.”

“We woulda got it.”

“I know…………but……well……..D is pretty bloody good at thinkin’ outside the box.  ‘Specially out here.  The guy approaches things differently.  It’s like convention never crosses his mind but simple and direct does.  He’s remarkable that way.  And why is it that simple and direct is not conventional?  Should be.  But it isn’t.  That kind of pure thinkin’ is a delight to see.   Guess I am just a little jealous that I was not that far out of the box.”

“Well, lighten up! The guy could teach a course in thinking outside the box but we’d never get him in a boxy classroom in which to do it.  He’d just say, ‘No one learns anything in a room except maybe how to paint walls.  Ya wanna learn about livin’ out here…ya gotta live out here.  Kinda chicken and egg, if you know what I mean?’  So, you OK?”

“Of course.  Better than OK.  Great, really.  Good impression of D, by the way.  I just got another lesson on thinking differently, is all.  Got a lesson on outside the box.  Another degree up on the off-the-grid learning curve.  And it is all being taught in an outdoor classroom.  That’s the best part, really.”  

Dinner party was good.  Guests were about to leave.  It was dark.  Late.  Temperature was dropping.

There was a knock at the door.

That isn’t easy.  How does one get to our rather remote location so late at night and, approaching from the beach, come up to knock at the door without so much as a dog noticing?

It was L.  Her motor had conked out and she was drifting out in the channel and just managed to get to the beach in front of us.  No running lights.  Dressed in pure black, she could have passed for a Navy Seal on a mission impossible of some kind.  Only her pale, white face gave her true mission away.  She was in desperation mode.

Our guests rode to the rescue and towed her home.  But not before she got a piece of chocolate cheesecake and a stiff scotch.  “I am gonna have to break down more often”, she said.  “Right about here!”

We laughed.  Everyone left and Sal and I got to thinking.  Black as pitch.  Tide running north.  No lights.  No radio.  Dressed in black.  Had this occurred two months from now, she might have died from exposure.  There is also little to no traffic at night (not that anyone passing would have seen her).

This is a harsh place at times.  Errors are tolerated but not always forgiven.  More than a few grizzled, seasoned, capable mariners have met their end simply because an engine gave out at the wrong time.  Once again we were reminded of why we do our utmost to come home before nightfall and carry all the safety crap.  Plus – on my boat – I carry a small, spare engine.  It is my ‘get home’ motor.

Of course we take risks.  All the time and every day.  But we respect the sea with a reverence that keeps our maritime risks to an absolute minimum.  “An accident at sea can ruin your whole day” – Thucydides

So, what is my point?  I don’t have one.  Not really.  Just the obvious.  I guess I just looked into the face of an accident that could have happened and it was a stark reminder.  Going off the grid is more than just not having help and assistance, services and institutions, resources and supports.  It is also – at times – a nearer walk on the dangerous side.  Accidents live closer to home.  Danger is a constant and present neighbour with whom you have frequent contact. And relations are not warm and fuzzy.  

No wonder we all feel more alive out here!

Generally speaking, I tend to balk at routine.  It’s just not my style to do the same thing the same way at the same time every day.  I don’t even like to brush my teeth at the same time every day.  After a week or so of some kind of behavioural pattern emerging, I try to change it.  Do things differently.  It’s in the DNA.

It was also a bit of a challenge to holding a steady job.  I even made it a point to drive to work a different route every day or, at the very least, vary my arrival times.  That I never actually did the rote work demanded of me except to break the routine of chaos now and then was a side benefit.  The employer was happy once in awhile.

This is a hard attitude to sustain when working with government or big business.  My so-called careers with such places were typically short.

Which fit the larger pattern of preferred randomness rather nicely.

But, of course, some things demand repeat performances on a regular and predictable basis and, being mature, I have come to accept that.  Not like it but I accept it.  Mostly.

Wednesday is community day.  The dogs must be fed between 4:30 and 5:00, Sal gets a glass of wine poured at 5:00 and, with few exceptions, that is all part of a larger routine to which I have surrendered.  In itself, not so much a big deal or even a great sacrifice.  Still, a challenge.  For me.  I want to balk sometimes.

Hard to fight one’s DNA.

I mention all this because I have finally found a habit I like.  In fact, I like this habit so much it has become part of our larger routine and I have not felt the least like rebelling.  I like it.  In fact, I am the Mother Superior of this habit.

Often after a day (hard, easy, short or long) we finish dinner and I go upstairs with Sal and a small scotch and put on a movie.  Ideally, it is a BBC production but a good Hollywood movie will do in a pinch and a cheap B action-thriller is quite acceptable to me.  Preferable, actually.

Every fifth movie has to be a chick-flick or a ‘quirky comedy‘ for Sal.  We do this thing together.  We never argue.  She doesn’t ask questions except, “Why is that car blowing up and why are the guys flying through the air in slow motion shooting each other again?  Sorry,  I must have nodded off.  And anyway, haven’t we already seen this one?”  It is wonderful.  I love it.

To be fair, I may ask a question about a chick-flick, too.  But generally I just suffer in silence.  It is still wonderful.  “So the kid and his dog are dying from some kind of chemical poisoning from a dilapidated Dupont chemical plant and she and the woman next door are victims of spousal abuse.  Plus she gets assaulted at work by the plant supervisor.  And this is all happening in Karachi?  So, how did we all get together in a slum in Chicago?  Sorry, I must have drifted off.”

One of our favourite movie genres used to be nature shows.  You know, like the Discovery Channel presents two hours on water falls or a ten-part series on wheat?  But something happened a few years ago and we just can’t watch nature shows anymore.  It is not like we don’t want to.  We just can’t.  We both nod off.  Sal can’t usually get past the opening credits.  The Blue Planet series put Sal to sleep before the DVD started spinning.  If I didn’t swap the DVD out soon after, we’d both spend the next two hours comatose in the chairs.

Sadly, we cannot watch nature anymore.

And I have a theory why.  You see, it is a bit like that old routine-thing again, isn’t it?  We get nature all day.  We get the real thing.  Real whales.  Real eagles.  Real ravens.  We get nature in 3D with surround sound.  And, as good as they are, the Discovery channel still delivers on film.  So, it is a combination of our new routine of ‘living, working and being’ in nature’ all day long and then having that supplemented by artificial versions for entertainment in the evening.

It becomes a routine.  It is sleep inducing in the extreme.

Ramp is half up.  Another ten feet or so.  So far, so good.  ‘Cordin to plan.

“Hey!, Sal said, This is working out pretty good.  Coming up like you knew what you were doing!  So, what’s the plan for the last ten feet?”

“Thanks.  Appreciated.  You’ve been a big help if you don’t count asking all those goofy questions.  Still, you’re right.  It has been good so far.  We are gettin’ somewhere.”

“….and the plan…?”

“No plan.”

“But what about the last ten feet?!”

“Gonna have to think on it, I guess.  Got no plan.  Could use a sky hook, I guess.  That would help.” 

In the old days, making reference to a sky hook would have satisfied her.  She would then ask, “So where do we get one of those?”

That kind of humour (for me, anyway) doesn’t work anymore.  Sal is catching on to worksite BS.

“Don’t be daft!  No such thing.  Even I know that!  So, what are we gonna do?”

Questions!  She just can’t quit with the questions!

“Honestly?  No idea.  I can maybe leverage up on the cable tightening or maybe just use a big lever to do some shivelling.  But, so far, I am not sure.  Well, I know what I am gonna do next, anyway.”

“What?!”

“Fix the winch.  It vibrated so much that that the muffler fell apart.  Gonna fix it, mock something up. Can’t hear myself think what with you yammering allatime and the engine screamin’ when you take a breath!”

And so, there we sit – having tea and staring at the ramp that is tantilizingly close to the proper placement.   I’ll figure something out.  I am not worried.  People have been shivelling big things into weird places ever since time began.  We’ll do it.

“Not me.  I’ll try to give you a few minutes tomorrow but I have to cook.  We have dinner guests.  Can’t be fooling around with ramps and winches when I am cooking.  If you want my help, you’ll have to make an appointment!”

It is hard to get good help these days.  It really is.  And when you do get someone who has energy and smarts, they talk your damn ear off with questions.  Like I know what I am doing………..

“Heading home?  Mind giving me a lift?”

“Hop in!”

H climbed in my small boat.  She had been working up at the woodwork shop putting in a new back door.  Seems she’s been ‘in’ construction all her life running crews all around the world.  Tools came easily to hand with her and the kibitzing was classic ‘work-site’ stuff. She could ‘yup‘ and ‘nope‘ with the best of us.

For her, the back door re-fit was ‘nuttin’, honey’ and she decided to build a back deck while she was at it – ‘made it easier to put the door on having a place to stand’.  H is a big, strong woman in her late 50’s.  A grandmother.  She did more in her four hours at the Q-hut than I have done in 20.

I swung the little boat into her bay.  I had never been there before.  She pointed to the shore.

“See those rocks there?  By the big cedar?  They have enough water for the boat to get close.  You can drop me there.”

I did as I was told.  And she got out with her bundles of mail, books and two extra props for her outboard that she had ‘scored’ from a neighbour.  As she pushed me off, I noticed that she was standing in the water up to her ankles.  Her socks and shoes were soaked.

“Geez, H.  Sorry you got your feet wet.”

“No problem.  I’m just happy not to have to hike home the long way carrying all this stuff.  The shoes dry.  Trust me.  This is the way I get home when I am lucky!”

She scrambled across the rocky beach carrying twenty five awkward pounds and headed up to her cabin in the bush.   I’ll see her next week when she shows up at the woodworking shop for another project.

Tough?  Yeah.  She’s tough.  Real tough.  But she’s not alone out here.  There are other tough single women.  The women with partners are tough, too.   Generally speaking, all the women are tough in some kind of ‘outdoorsy‘ way.  But the single women simply have to do more for themselves.

Or pay.  Some of the single women keep it together by paying for some of the heavy work to get done but that is the most difficult way to cope of all.  Money is not the great equalizer out here.  Half, maybe.  People who have to pay to get things done generally don’t get things done.

“So, why do they live there?  Why not go back to the city, get a job or something?  Maybe even a job at Walmart being a greeter?  It would be easier at the very least?”

A few have tried.  But they come back.  Once you are ‘out’ of the city, it is hard to get back in.  Especially when you are older.  And all the people I am talking about are older.  The vast majority of people out here are 50 plus and most of them are 60 plus.

But the main reason is ‘trade-off’.  It is better for them to scramble across a beach in wet shoes than re-insert themselves (or try to) into the normal way of living in the city.  To a person, it doesn’t seem worth the effort.  Shoes and socks dry quickly enough.

.

I fired up the big ol, Stihl cut-off saw and began slicing through the six-inch steel beams that formed the frame for the ex-fish-farm ramp I was working on.   After cutting to length, I was going to drag one end of it up to the new deck extension I had built to gain access to my lower deck from the beach.  The ramp was a replacement for the aforementioned (see previous posts) set of lethal stairs I had been using for the past eight years.

Cutting to Length

I had begun the day’s chore when the ramp was half in the water, half out, with the back half semi-floating by way of a strapped-on old fish-farm float.  I had dragged it from the sea like a whale skeleton using one of my winches (the gas-powered ‘pull-toy’ and 4 blocks).  I figured I was getting and needing close to 6000 pounds of pull.  The tension on the cable was incredible.

Setting up the Pull Toy

The heavy steel ramp slowly skidded up the beach on bits and pieces of flotsam, cedar branches and an old landscaping pole but it still took everything the little winch had.  Had the cable or some part of the rig parted, I would be wearing the snapped-back assembly around my head.  With the engine screaming and the winch straining, it was an unpleasant chore that seemed to last way too long.  I was glad when the ramp was out of the water enough to make my cut.

The cut-off saw weighs about 30 pounds, is gasoline-powered and turns a 14+ inch composite blade at something like 500 rpms.  Torque is something to consider but the main issue is to get the blade dead-on the cut.  Twisting it when it is running in a groove may cause the blade to snap and, once again, the operator’s face acts as the backstop.

Footing, of course, was poor.  Treacherous, actually.  It’s a beach.  Slippery rocks, a few of them under water, all of them covered in kelp, barnacles and irregular in the extreme made the use of the saw harder still.  I hate it when it is like that.  I tend to be less confident.

OK, make that: scared to death!

Cutting Steel with Stihl

I cut through one sidebeam and then sliced through the steel mesh that forms the walkway.  I was 3/4 of the way through the final six-inch beam when the whole assembly shifted a smidge.  It was only a one-inch shift but it came with a loud bang and felt like Fukashima.

I stepped back and, confirming a rapid but steady pulse, I re-examined the wisdom of the whole task at hand. ‘Hmmm……how can I save face (literally) and safely get out of this fine mess I have created…..?’ 

After a good hard look I decided that I could proceed for a bit longer but cutting through would likely release so much tension in the now-sprung-steel ramp all at once that I would likely be thrown from my footing and a sharp edge of ramp or tool might just leap up and cut me.

Or I might just fall down and hurt myself.

I bleed often and I bleed well.  Thankfully, I also heal pretty quickly and I rarely feel any pain while in the accident-causing moment.  The magic of nature, eh?  As it stood, I was already sporting a good-sized gash on my leg from an earlier encounter with a sharp beach rock and I was, perhaps, a little blood-shy.  I was down half a pint already.  No need to contribute more.  So, I stopped short of separating the two pieces of ramp in an effort to halt any further unnecessary violence.

I now had a ramp cut in one-third and two-third lengths.  Almost.  Probably about 3000 pounds of steel on one end, at least 1000 pounds on the shorter end. About 3/4 of an inch of 1/2 inch steel still connected them.  The short end had a float attached and the whole assembly was moving a bit with the waves.

“I’m gonna tie off both pieces and let the tide and currents wiggle the final separation free for me overnight.  When the floating piece rises and the other piece sinks, there should be enough movement that the remaining 1/2 inch of steel will ‘fatigue’ and break.  I just don’t wanna be standing anywhere near that cut when it separates.”

“Wow!  You are being careful.  And overly optimistic.  What’s come over you?  Gettin’ sensible or gettin’ chicken?”

“Well, I don’t mind getting a few cuts and bruises but this could cause some real damage and I’d prefer to keep my remarkably good looks intact.  Buk, buk, bu-awk!!”

“Well, it won’t work, ya know?  You are already too ugly and the steel is too thick.  The sea won’t work it enough.  They’ll still be attached in the morning.”

“Well you may be right about the ugly but I am gonna try the easy way first.  If it hasn’t separated, I’ll come at it again tomorrow.  A chicken’s work is never done!”

Epilogue:  Next morning.  “When you finish this blog, I want credit for being right!  Those pieces are still stuck together, ya big doofus!”

“Give it time.  It’s still early in the morning.  I’ll check when the tide is out later in the day.  But, don’t worry.  If you are right, I’ll write about it.”

THANK GOD!  The theory worked!  Sal was wrong.  Please make a note.  For the record – the chicken was right!

“Unh, Dave…..why are you cutting steel in shorts?  Isn’t that a sure-fired way to get hurt?”

“Well, you make a good point.  But getting the odd cut is not as big a deal for me as falling with running machinery and wearing shorts give me the freedom to move.  So, for me, it is a trade-off.  It may not look safe but, for me, it is.  But thank you for your concern.”